Gulchekhra Rakhmatkarieva,
art critic
Television as a branched, multi-component system of acquaintance with intellectual and art values exists in socio-historical space and time only in connection with the audience, to whom its many-sided activities are turned. The television sets and solves tasks of promotion of democratic and humanistic ideals, peace, mutual understanding between peoples, national, religious, racial tolerance, human rights and freedoms.
Now television possesses rich technical resources, its satellite communications promptly spread, channels and information storage means extend. Modern technologies of creation of TV products are connected with a complex of organizational and technical (producers), economic (managers), art and esthetic tasks, the main of which is preparation and transfer of material in the air.
The structure of National broadcasting company of Uzbekistan includes Central office, Broadcasting company of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional broadcasting companies, and the state unitary enterprises, for example such TV-radio channels as “O’zbekiston”, “Sport”, “Toshkent”, “Respublika teleradiomarkazi”, TV channels “Madaniyat va ma’rifat”, “Dunyo bo’ylab”, as well as serving entities.
Activities of “O’zbekiston” channel are connected with informing the public on the most important decisions of public authorities in the field of domestic and foreign policy of our republic, about the events of social life aimed at updating and modernization of the country, formation of a legal democratic state, open civil society, protection of human rights and freedoms. Special significance is attached to publicizing of socio-political and socio-economic reforms of all-nation character, achievements in the field of science, culture, sport, health care, etc.
For “Toshkent” channel socio-political, administrative, economic, cultural life of the capital of Uzbekistan is most priority. It is covering the largest nationwide events and actions, national holidays and celebrations, discussions about increasing political and social activity of the population, protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, etc.
“Yoshlar” channel united in its activities both general subjects, and especially youth material, revealing areas of interest, ideals and aspirations of younger generation. In implementation of such ideological-creative and educational tasks special significance is attached to republican and international TV festivals and contests.
By the end of the 1990-ies – beginning of 2000-s “Yoshlar” channel presented program cycles in the genre of art journalism (“Zakovat” by A.Abdullaev, “Qilni qirq yorib” by I.Ulugboev, and “Siyrat” by N.Okilov) covering topical issues of youth culture.
“Sport” TV channel mainly covers sport event in the country and abroad, promotes healthy lifestyle, children, family sports and active forms of national games with aim of not only spiritual, but also physical improvement of the population. It broadcasts live sports competitions of republican and international scale, popular projects of foreign TV channels about history of sport, the Olympic Movement, interviews with outstanding athletes of the present time, etc. More of that, “Sport” channel covers a set of key measures for development of professional sports, promotion of physical health of the population, mass sports games as a guarantee of moral health. The channel prepared a number of sportive programs (“Taqdir chizgilari” by Z. Soliev, “Zakhiradagi sportchi” by M.Uzbekova, “Duv-duv gap” by R. Mirzaev).
If in 1991-1996 programs of the first public channel “lively” broadcasted major social and political events, displayed movies, documentaries, teleplays, television movies, programs on various topics during 9-hours of continuous work, then with formation of “Ma’naviyat” editorial office in 1997, “O’zbekiston” and “Yoshlar” channels worked for 18 hours a day, transmitting new programs dedicated to the cultural heritage of the people and modern art.
“Yoshlar” channel presents programs covering the youth theme in its various aspects differing in sharpness and saturation of semantic context, dynamism of plot creation, spectacular aspect of the form, programs about culture, reports about exhibitions, dedicated to modern and traditional art.
In addition to the operating TV channels of Uzbekistan in 2012 two independent republican round-the-clock digital channels “Madaniyat va ma’rifat” and “Dunyo bo’ylab” TV channels, corresponding to the increasing information and spiritual-esthetic requests of the audience were opened.
For the years of independence in practice of National television the amount of the information flows concerning all key aspects of everyday life of the country, including its domestic and foreign policy, general tasks of legal, democratic state considerably increased. So, the considerable proportion of materials of “Akhborot” news program is constituted by news about the reforms undertaken in the country in the field of national economy, industry, agricultural industry, and culture.
However employees of television not always manage to keep up with the rapid change of events, public moods and interests, to penetrate into the depths of events, facts, to embrace reality in all its contradiction and diversity.
Within the framework of relevant programs, along with professionally prepared in the terms of scenario and staging programs, causing in the viewer an acute sense of implication and participation in major events, sometimes they do not managed without a touch of edification, didactics and pathos that is reflected not only in stylistics, but also intellectual and ethical levels of information.
And nevertheless, the positive beginnings of the television prevail over the problems, setting up the audience on further search and self-improvement, the option of high priorities of artistry and pithiness in art, according to the idea of national revival. Today the TV staff of the country is in search, self-realization of their own prerogatives that requires constant attention and reflection.
Bibliography
1. Mustaqil teleradio kanallarni isloh qilish va rivozhlantirish chora-tadbirlari tugrisida: Uzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining Pharmoni. November 8, 2005 // Uzbekiston Respublikasi qonun huzhzhatlari tuplami. 2005, No.45, 6. 338.
2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. Karimov “On extension of number of digital TV channels of the National broadcasting company of Uzbekistan, their full-scale use, quality content and service” dated on July 30, 2012 (PP – 1794).
3. Bagirov E.G. The role of television in mass media and propaganda. M.; 1987, p. 224.
4. Mukhamedov M. (and others). Televidenie asoslari. – Tashkent, 2008.
5. Cushion Stephen. Television Journalism / SAGE Publications Ltd / Cardiff University, 2012. p.240.
6. Bob Edvards. Edvard R. Murrow And the Birth of Broadcast Journalism. Series: Turning Points in History (Book 12), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1 edition, Hoboken, USA, 2004, p. 174.
7. http://www.mtrk.uz